Chin Khrihfabu le Mission Rian Ṭuannak
Hrang Hlei, Ph.D.
Biahmaiṭhi
Nitlaklei khrihfabu tampi nih kum zabu 20nak lio ah Africa le Asia ram i mission rian an rak ṭuan nak an cuanhthan tikah, an chamhbaunak an i hmuh mi pakhat a um. Cu cu mission hi Pathian thinlung in aa thawkmi a si i, Pathian ta a si ti an rak nganh mi a si. Khrih thawngṭha cu copyrights bantuk in an i ngeih i, mission rian cu Khrih thawngṭha kha midang va thenh ve bantuk in an ruah. Cu tikah, mission rian cu Pathian ta a sinak a tlau i, khrihfabu nih a ṭuan mi rian phun khat ah aa chuah. Sihmenhsehlaw, 1952 i Germany ram Willingen khua ah Mission Civui an rak tuah hnu in fak ngai in an ruahnak aa thleng. Hi Willingen Civui hnu hin “missional” timi biafang a hung chuak. A sullam cu: mission hi Pathian nih minung a kan dawtnak le kan zawn an kan ruahnak in aa thawkmi a si i, Pathian ta a si. Cu missional ruahnak nih midang tei duhnak si loin, toidornak le zawnruahnak lungput a chuahpi. Cu toidornak le zawnruahnak cu Pathian thinlung in aa thawk mi a si i, mission i a muru a si. Hi cabia hi Chin khrihfabu tampi nih mission rian kan ṭuan tikah zei lungput in dah kan ṭuan ti mi cuanhnak caah ṭial mi a si.
Nitlaklei Khrihfabu nih Mission an rak Cuanhning
Nitlaklei khrihfabu nih mission cu “Christendom” timi ruahnak in an rak cuanh. “Christendom” cu Khrihfa pennak ti a si i, Europe ram i khrihfabu a rak ṭhawn lio in aa thawkmi ruahnak a si. Hi ruahnak nih vawlei hi phun hnih ah a ṭhen: Khrihfa vawlei le Khrihfa a silo mi vawlei ti in. Khrihfa vawlei cu a ceu i, Khrihfa a silo mi vawlei cu a mui tiah an thleidan. Cu ruahnak he cun Nitlaklei khrihfabu nih Khrihfa a silo mi ram hna (Africa le Asia) kha Khrihfa ram, a silo ah a ceu mi ram ah kan thlen lai ti in mission rian an rak ṭuan. Hlan ah cun ram thumnak vawlei ti mi sifak ram tampi cu Khrih Thawngṭha an ngeihlo caah an ṭhangcho lo tiah rak hmuh an si. Cu hna cu Thawngṭha in ṭhanchoter le fimnak lam hmuhsak kha khrihfabu nih aa hmaithlakmi mission rian a si tiah Nitlaklei khrihfabu tampi ruahnak a si. Cu caah Nitlaklei Khrihfa pawl nih biapi ah an rak ruahmi cu: Thawngṭha phuan, Pathian pennak kauhter, a mui mi ram ceuter i a ṭhangcho lomi ram ṭhanchoter, le khrihfabu thar ser an si.
A cunglei i Nitlaklei khrihfabu tampi nih mission rian an ṭuan nak hi aa dawhmi le a tha mi a si ko. Nitlaklei missionaries hna pumpeknak thawng in kan miphun zong a lamkip in kan thangcho i, kan khuahmuhnak mit zong an kan auter taktak ko. Asinain, mission cu Pathian thinlung chung in aa thawk i, Pathian ta a si timi ruahnak an rak thlau ve caah minung lei hoih deuh in an rak ṭuan nak zawn hmuh khawh a si. Cu cu kannih zong kan i ralrin awk ah a biapi ngai. Nitlaklei khrihfabu pawl nih mission hi Pathian thinlung in aa thawkmi a si ti mi an thlau tikah, Pathian agenda silo in minung agenda deuh in mission hi caan saupi an rak cuanh. Cu an khuacuanhning cu Mission Civui an tuahnak le mission kong an ceihmaiahnak ah duhsah tein aa thleng ve. Chan thar khrihfabu tuanbia ah International Missionary Conference (IMC) ti in Mission Civui cu voi ruk tiang rak tuah a si. Cu hna cu: (1) Edinburgh Civui, 1910, (2) Jerusalem Civui, 1928, (3) Tambaram Civui, 1938, (4) Whitby Civui, 1947, (5) Wellingen Civui, 1952, le (6) Accra Civui, 1958 an si. Whitby Civui an tuah hnu 1948 ah World Council of Churches (WCC) rak thawk a si. Cu hnu ah IMC le WCC cu komh a hung si i, IMC cu Conference on World Mission and Evangelism (CWME) tiah rak thlen a si. A hmasabik CWME Civui cu New Delhi, 1961 ah rak tuah a si. Tutan ah hin Edinburgh in Accra Civui tiang lawng kan langhter.
1. Edinburgh Civui 1910 (Scotland)
Nitlaklei Khrihfa tampi zabu 19/20nak chan thar minung fimnak le thanchonak hi Pathian nih a pennak kauhternak caah hman a duh tiah an rak zumh. Cu caah John R. Mott hruainak in International Missionary Conference cu Scotland ram, Edinburgh khua ah 1910 ah rak tuah a si. Edinburgh Civui nih biapi ngai in a rak i hmaithlakmi cu: Khrih Thawngṭha cu ram mui (heathens) ah phorh i, Nitlaklei fimnak le thanchonak hi vawlei khuazakip ah karhter ding ti a rak si. An tlangtar cu, “a tu kan chan ah hin vawleipi hi Khrih Thawngṭha in khahter ding” ti a rak si.1 Cu bantuk in mission rian ṭuan ding ah Pathian nih a kan fial caah kan ṭuanvo nganpi a si ti hngalhnak he tlolh loin kan ṭuan awk a si an ti. Edinburgh Civui ah hin Commission pakua an um i, cu lakah a biapi bik ah an chiah mi cu: Khrih Thawngṭha cu Khrihfa a silo mi vawlei ah phorh ding (Carrying the Gospel to all the Non-Christian World) ti a si. Biapi bik ah an ruah mi a si bantuk in, John R. Mott nih hi Commission hi a hruai hna.2 Hi Commission nih hin Asia le Africa i Khrihfa a silo mi ram nunphung le umthut khuasakning kong hlathlainak an tuah i, cu ram hna ah cun zeitindah Thawngṭha kan phuan lai timi timhtuahnak an ngei. Zisuh nih vawlei khuazakip ah Thawngṭha phuan a kan fial bantuk in, mi vialte nih cu Thawngṭha cu an hngalh khawh nakhnga chim ding ah khrihfabu cu ṭuanvo khinh a si tiah an zumh.
Mi tampi lungthawhnak an ngei i, zabu 20nak a dihhlan ah vawleipi hi Khrihfa pennak (Christendom) ah kan ser lai tiah an rak i ruahchan. “Crusade” le “conquest” models hmang in mission rian cu an ṭuan. Vawleipi cu Khrihfa pennak ah kan ser khawh lai tiah an rak i ruahchan nain, Ralpi Pakhatnak a hun chuah tikah an i ruahchanning in a cang lo. Phun dang cun, “crusade” le “conquest” models nih Pathian pennak taktak a ser kho lo. Zeicahtiah, hi models nih hin midang tei duhnak, midang thlanglamhnak le namnehnak lungput a chuahter i, mission rian ṭuan nak ah Pathian agenda thlau in minung agenda deuh ah pial a fawite. Mission cu Pathian thinlung chung in aa semmi a si i, Pathian ta a si ti mi an rak i fiang kho ve lo.
2. Jerusalem Civui 1928 (Israel)
Nitlaklei Khrihfa ram khat le ram khat an i remlonak nih Ralpi Pakhatnak a rak chuahter tikah, an phuan mi Khrih Thawngṭha cu mi tampi nih zumhlonak an ngei. Cu lawng si loin, 1917 i Russia Communist Revolution ruangah, Edinburgh Civui lio i an rak aupi mi “vawleipi hi Khrihfa ah kan canter lai” an ti mi cu sullam ngeilo ah aa chuah.4 Cu tikah Nitlaklei Khrihfa pawl an cuanh hna ning zong aa dang ngai ngai. David Bosch nih cun Nitlaklei pawl nih Khrihfa kan si an ti mi cu ei awk a tha taktak lo mi, thei pangchia he a tahchunh hna. Jerusalem Civui ah hin fiang ngai in a lang mi cu, Khrihfa timi hi Nitlaklei biaknak a rak si hleng lo i, Nitlaklei pawl hi Khrihfa ram ti awk zong an rak si lo.5 Cu caah, Nitlaklei Khrihfa pawl nih vawleipi hi Khrihfa ram ah kan ser lai an ti mi cu minung agenda men ah hmuh a hung si. Edinburgh Civui nih Khrihfa a silo mi ram kha Khrihfa ram ah ser ding biapi ah a chiah lio ah, Jerusalem Civui nih cun secularism ruahnak ruangah a tlau cuahmah mi hna lakah zeitindah mission rian kan ṭuan lai ti mi aa hmaithlak ve. Cun, ral ruang ah harnak a tongmi hna Asia le Africa ram mi bawmhnak, sii lei mission rian ṭuan nak, fimcawnnak, le Nitlak le Nichuah khrihfabu karlak pehtlaihnak, etc. kha hi Civui ah hin biapi in rak ceih a si. Phun dang in chim ahcun, mission rian ṭuan nak ah thlarau lawng si loin, taksa thanchonak (social gospel) zong biapi ah chiah hram an thawk. Cun, biaknak dang hna he zeitindah pehtlaihnak kan ser khawh lai ti zong Jerusalem Civui ah hin rak ceih a si. Jerusalem Civui ah linsa ngai in rak ceihmi a dang pakhat cu: Mission thlahtu Nitlaklei mission societies hna le mission fields ah a ummi local khrihfabu hna karlak pehtlaihnak kong a si. Mission fields ummi khrihfabu hna nih mission thlahtu khrihfabu hna he direct in pehtlaihnak ngeih an duhnak an langhter. A ruang dang lakah pakhat cu: mission agencies le directors duhning lawng in rian ṭuan si loin, thlahtu khrihfabu hna he zalong tein mission rian ṭuan ti (partnership in mission) an duh caah a si.
3. Tambaram Civui 1938 (India)
Tambaram Civui ah hin Khrih kan prophet a sinak le khrihfabu le mission an i pehtlaihnak kong biapi in rak ceih a si. Phun dang cun, Edinburgh le Jerusalem Civui nih Khrih kan tlangbawi a sinak kha biapi ah an rak chiah lioah, Tambaram Civui nih Khrih kan prophet a sinak kong aa hmaithlak. Bosch nih a tialning ah cun, Tambaram Civui nih hi ti in aa hmaithlaknak cu: Japan ram i State Shintoism, Russia ram i Marxism, Italy ram i Mussolini le Germany ram i Hitler bantuk uktu thalo hna dohnak caah a si tiah a ti.6 Hi bantuk uktu thalo, mah zawn ruat hruaitu lakah khrihfabu nih diarhmun fek ngeih le zumhnak ah raltha tein diar a
herhnak kong rak ceih a si. Khrih Thawngṭha biatak tein a kilhkamh khotu cu local khrihfabu lawng lawng a si tiah Tambaram Civui nih fakpi in a aupi. Chim duhmi cu mission rian ṭuan nak caah local khrihfabu hi biapi bik a si zungzal. Hi Civui ah hin mission rian ṭuan nak le Khrih tehte sinak an i pehtlaihnak kha biapi in rak ceih a si fawn. Khrih tehte ti tikah, Khrih kong kha hmurka lawng in silo in nuncan ziaza hrimhrim in mi dang sinah langhter a herhnak kong rak ceih a si (Mat. 5:13-16; Lamkal 1:8). Khrih Thawngṭha hi minung nunnak a thleng khotu, zalonnak, le daihnak phortu a si. Cu caah khrihfabu cu minung nih nifa kan nunnak ah kan tonmi he then kho loin a cawlcangmi, a nung mi bu a si. Phun dang cun, Tambaram Civui nih khrihfabu cu vawlei ah Pathian duhnak tlintertu dingah Khrih le a zultu hna nih rak thawkmi a thiangmi bu a si tiah a hmuh.
4. Whitby Civui 1947 (Canada)
Bosch nih a hmuhning ah cun Whitby Civui cu Khrihfa mi hna caah ningzahnak in rak khah lio caan a si a ti. A ruang cu, kha lio hrawng kha Ralpi Pahnihnak nih vawleipi khuacimui in a rak chiah i, mi tampi nganfak le lungfak in an rak um lio a si.7 Cu caah Whitby Civui nih aa hmaithlakmi cu: khrihfabu hi mission rian ṭuantu men lawng si loin, Tambaram Civui lio ah rak thawk cang mi hawikomhnak (koinonia) kha a tak in nunpi a herhnak kong a si. Hi Civui ah hin Nitlaklei hruaitu hna nih Africa/Asia ram in a rami hruaitu hna cu mission rian ṭuanti hawi (partners) tiah a hmasabik an rak auh hna a si. Whitby Civui nih hin Nitlaklei khrihfabu hna le mission fields khrihfabu hna karlakah komh mission rian ṭuan nak (partnership in mission) lungput biatak in a hun chuahpi. Cun, mission a thlahtu khrihfabu le mission fields khrihfabu karlak ah a um mi thleidannak zong duhsah tein tlau hram aa thawk. Whitby Civui nih fiang ngai in a hun langhter mi cu: mission rian ṭuan nak hi chimphuannak (kerygma), hawikomhnak (koinonia), le rian ṭuan nak (diakonia) mit in cuanh a herhnak kong a si.8 Mission hi minung agenda sawhsawh in ṭuan khawh a si lo ti kha duhsah tein an i fiang.
5. Willingen Civui 1952 (Germany)
Ralpi Pahnihnak hnu ah a voihnihnak Mission Civui an tuah hrawng hi Tuluk ram ah Mosidung Revolution lio a si. Hi Mao Revolution ruang ah Tuluk nih innka a khar caah, Nitlaklei missionaries tampi cu harnak, thong tlaknak, le thihnak tiang an rak tong. Cu lawng si loin, Asia le Africa ram tampi nih Nitlaklei uk-pennak (colonization) kha biatak tein an doh lio caan a si.9 Cu tikah Nitlaklei Khrihfa pawl nih mission rian hi anmah siaremning men in ṭuan awk a ṭha ti lo. Mission le khrihfabu sining hi ṭhen awk ṭha loin aa tlaimi an si ti kha duhsah tein lung fian hram an i thawk. A ngai ngai ti ahcun, mission rian hi khrihfabu ah si loin, Pathian a sining tu ah khin hmuh khawh a si. Phun dang cun, mission hi khrihfabu ah aa hngat mi si loin, Khrih chung ah aa hngat mi a si.10 Cu nak hmenh in a thuk deuh mi cu, mission hi Khrih chung lawng ah aa hngat mi si loin, Pa, Fapa, le Thiang Thlarau, thum-komh Pathian chung ah aa hngat mi a si. Willingen Civui hi mission rian ṭuannak tuanbia thlengtu tiah ti khawh a si. Hi Civui hnu hin mission cu Pathian thinlung in a semmi a si i, khrihfabu si loin Pathian hi mission a ngeitu a si ti mi ruahnak a hung chuak. Cu ruahnak cu Missio Dei tiah hngalh a si i, Willingen Civui nih aa hmaithlakmi cu: khrihfabu i missionary a sinak ṭuanvo (the missionary obligation of the church) a si. A sullam cu, mission hi khrihfabu nih a ṭuan mi si ti loin, khrihfabu hrimhrim hi missionary a si timi ruahnak a si. Hi nih a vun fianter chin mi cu: mission rian hi khrihfabu nih lamhlatnak hmun ah a ṭuan mi lawng si loin, khrihfabu chung i cawlcanghnak vialte zong khi a si chih. A tawinak cun, khrihfabu sining dihlak hi mission a si.
6. Accra Civui 1958 (Ghana)
Accra Civui ah biapi ngai in an ceihmi pakhat cu International Mission Conference (IMC) le 1948 ah rak thawkmi World Council of Churches (WCC) fonh le fonhlo kong a si. Conservative zumtu cheukhat nih an rak cohlang duhlo nain, mi tam deuh pi hnatlaknak in IMC le WCC cu Accra Civui ah fonh a hung si. A hmasabik IMC le WCC Civui cu 1961 New Delhi ah an tuah. Cu hnu cun IMC cu Conference on World Mission and Evangelism (CWME) tiah thlen a si.11 Accra Civui hi Africa ram tampi nih British le European uk-pennak in zalonnak lam an kawl i luatnak caah an i zuam lio a si. A bik in Ghana ram nih British uk-pennak in luatnak caah an i zuam lio a rak si. An hruaitu bik pakhat a si mi, Kwame Nkrumah nih: “Africa ram pawl nih kanmah tein kan i uk kho i, kanmah kong kanmah tein kan i tawlrel khawh ve ko” tiah a rak ti bal. Accra Civui hlan March, 1957 ah Ghana cu Britain sin in zalonnak an rak lak. Hi bantuk caan ah Accra Civui rak tuah a si tikah civui a kai mi mi tampi (a hlei in Africa le Asia ram hruaitu hna) nih Nitlaklei khrihfabu hna hruainak tangah um loin, anmah tein i hruai le an chiatnak ṭhatnak kong anmah tein i tuaktan an duhnak cu fiang chin in a hung lang.
Chin Khrihfabu le Mission Rian
Nitlaklei khrihfabu mission tuanbia cuanh tikah, Edinburgh Civui (1910) hi philh awk a tha lo. Nitlaklei khrihfabu hna nih Africa le Asia ram ah mission rian ṭuan ding in timhtuahnak nganpi an rak ngeihnak civui a si. Cu caah Edinburgh Civui cu Nitlaklei khrihfabu hna nih zabu 20nak i mission rian an ṭuan nak hrampi pakhat a si ti khawh a si. Cu mission a mawngtu cu a cunglei i kan langhter mi “crusade” le “conquest” models an si. World Council of Churches (1948) rak thawk hlan le Wellingen Civui (1958) hlan Nitlaklei khrihfabu mission rian ṭuan nak cu hi models pahnih nih hin a rak mawngh. Hlawhtlinnak a chuahpi mi a um len ko nain, “crusade” le “conquest” models nih hin miphun dang uk-pen duhnak (colonization) lungput aa ngeih caah thlahtu le mission fields karlak ah thleidannak le namnehnak a chuahter tawn. Cu nih Nitlaklei khrihfabu muisam a chiatter. Nihin Chin khrihfabu nih mission rian kan ṭuan tikah, zei mission models dah kan I zohchun lai ti mi biahalnak kan ngeih a herh. Edinburgh model maw, Wellingen model dah?
Edinburgh model cu “crusade” le “conquest” lungput a si i, thlarau tlau tlaih le midang tei kha biapi ah a chiah. Wellingen model cu “partnership in God’s mission” a si i, thinlung, taksa, thlarau khamhnak biapi ah a chiah. Chin khrihfa tampi cu Pathian a duh ngai mi le mission ṭuan a duh ngai mi kan si. Khrihfabu tampi nih mission rian kan ṭuan nak ah Edinburgh model hi kan I tlaih i, Wellingen model hi kan hnon tawn tiah ka hmuh. Ka doctoral dissertation ca i research karak tuah lio ah Chin pastor, khrihfa upa, le mino zakhat leng interview karak tuah hna. Zeiruang ah khrihfabu nih mission rian a ṭuan tiah ka hal hna tikah, an dihlak in Mathai 28:16-20 cherhchan in an ka leh. An chimmi cu: mission cu Zisuh nih amah pumpak in a kan fialmi a si caah kan ṭuan awk a si an ti. Cun, a kan fial hnawhchan zong zeidang si loin thlarau tlau mi tlaih bak a si an ti.
1. Fialmi kan Si Ruang ah Maw, Pathian kan Dawt Ruang ah?
Mathai 28:16-20 hi Pathian Fialmi Rian Ngan (The Great Commission) tiah hngalh a si i, Protestant Khrihfa pawl nih mission ṭuan nak kutken ah rak hman a si. Biahalnak pakhat cu: mission rian kan ṭuan hi Zisuh nih a kan fial ruang ah maw, a si lo ah Pathian nih a Fapa ngeihchun pek tiang in a kan dawtnak ruat in lung lawmhnak le toidornak he dah kan ṭuan? A hmasa hi Edinburgh model he an i tlai i, a hmanung hi Wellingen model he aa tlaimi an si. Nitlaklei Khrihfa tampi nih Edinburgh model an i tlaih i, mission rian cu Khrih nih a kan fialmi rian a si caah kan ṭuan hrimhrim awk a si tiah an ti. Mathai 28:16-20 cherhchan hin John Stott nih: “Thawngṭha kan phuan cu kan duh sawh sawh le kanmah tein kan i thim sawh sawh caah si loin, a thothanmi kan Bawipa nih ‘kal u,’ ‘chim u,’ ka zultu ah va ser hna u’ tiah a kan fial caah a si. Cu cu kan caah a za ko,” tiah a rak ti.12 Protestant Khrihfa hruaitu tampi nih John Stott ruahnak hi an pom. Kan Chin Khrihfa hruaitu tampi zong nih an pom ve. Wilbert R. Shenk nih cun, hi bantuk fianning hi cu zumtu pakhat khat nih mission rian ṭuan nak duhnak le mission thawhlawm pek awk i lungthawhnak ca lawng a si. Hi bantuk hin Isaiah 6:1-8 khi hman lengmang a si tiah a ti.13 CBCUSA nih mission project nganpi rak thawk lio ah a cunglei lungthawhnak hi biapi ah rak hman a si. Khrih nih a kan fial caah mission rian kan ṭuan hrimhrim awk a si; kan ṭuan lo ahcun khua awng kan pem lai lo ti in kan ruah. Sihmenhsehlaw, David Bosch nih cun hi ti hin a chim ve: Pathian Fialmi Rian Ngan (The Great Commission) tiah ruahmi Bible (Mat. 28:16-20; Mk. 16:9-20; Lk. 24:44-49; Jhn. 20:19-23; Lam. 1:8) ah khin mission rian ṭuan ding in fialnak (command) ngai ngai a um lo. Khrihfabu hmasa nih Judah le Zental miphun hna sinah Thawngṭha an rak phuan kha fialmi an si ruangah a si lo. Fialmi an si ahcun ralkap bang Khrih ca ah ral a doh ding an si ko hnga.14 A pehrih mi cu, mission rian kan ṭuan cu fialmi kan si ruang ah si loin, “Khrihfa mi nih kan chunglei sining kan langhternak phun khat a si,” tiah a ti.15 A ngai ngai ti ahcun, mission rian kan ṭuan hi Pathian fialmi a si ruangah a si lo. Pathian nih a Fapa ngeihchun kha kan caah vailam cung thi ding in vawlei ah a run thlah i a kan pek ruang ah kan lunglawmhnak in a chuakmi rian a si.16 Kan ṭuan mi rian cu aa khat ko lai; kan ṭuan ning zong aa dang tuk lem lai lo. Nain, kan lungput tu cu aa dang deuh lai. Cu lungput cu Pathian nih a zohmi a si i, a biapi ngaimi zong a si fawn. Fialmi kan si timi lungput nih kan i hngalhlo kar ah mi namnehnak, mi dang uk-pen duhnak, le ralkap nih ral tei an duh bantuk in miphun dang kha tei le uk-pen kan duh ve lai. Sihmenhsehlaw, Bible nih a kan cawnpiakmi cu Pathian nih a kan zangfahnak le dawtnak a ngantuk mi ruangah lunglawmhnak le toidornak he mission rian ṭuan ding tu a si deuh.
2. Pathian Fialmi Rian Ngan (The Great Commission)?
Cu ti a si ahcun, Pathian Fialmi Rian Ngan (The Great Commission) hi zeitindah kan i fian kun lai ti mi biahalnak a um. Michael Goheen nih cun, The Great Commission cu Zisuh nih thihnak in a thawhthan hnu, vancung a kai lai ah a zultu pawl kha sinak thar (a new identity) a pek nak hna a si tiah a ti. Hi ti hin fianternak a tuah: Zisuh nih a zultu pawl a kawh hna cu miphun vialte caah ceunak an sinak nunpi ding ah a si.17 Thawngṭha pali zoh tikah (Mat. 28:16-20; Mk. 16:9-20; Lk. 24:44-49; Jhn. 20:19-23; Lamkal. 1:8), Zisuh nih a zultu pawl kha miphun vialte sinah ceunak phortu si ding in bia a cah hna nak in an donghter cio. Bible nih a tlangpi huap in a kan hmuhsakmi cu, Zisuh nih a zultu kha an bu in vawlei ah a thlah hna nak kong a si.
Cu caah, Goheen nih The Great Commission cu Zisuh nih a zultu pawl kha sinak thar (a new identity) a pek hna i, cu zultu hna nih Thawngṭha tehte si awk ah an bu in ṭuan vo an ngeihnak kong a si.18 Goheen ruahnak vun i hlan rih usihlaw, mission kan ti lengmang mi hi zumtu pakhat khat kha “ram mui” kan ti tawn mi mission field ah missionary ṭuan ding in rian kan khinh mi lawng khi a si lo. Phun dang cun, mission hi khrihfabu nih lam hlatpi ah missionary kan thlah mi lawng khi a si lo. Pathian nih khrihfabu kan ningpi in amah sunparnak langhternak le Khrih tehte si ding ah sinak thar (a new identity) a kan pek zong a si chih. Cu caah The Great Commission cu Zisuh nih Pa Pathian mission rian ṭuan ding ah sinak thar le ṭuan vo a pekmi zultu hmasa hna
sinah a hmanung bia a cahnak hna tu a si deuh.19 Leslie Newbigin zong nih, Zisuh nih a zultu pawl sinah a hmanungbik bia a cahtak mi hna cu: khrihfabu thawknak le cu khrihfabu cu vawlei miphun vialte lakah Khrih tehte siding ah thlah an sinak kong a si tiah a ti.20 Cu caah, a fiang ngai mi cu The Great Commission hi Zisuh nih a zultu pawl kha thawngṭha phuan dingah a fial hna nak kong nak in, Khrih tehte sinak langhter ding ah khrihfabu a sernak le sinak thar a pek hna nak kong a si deuh. Phun dang cun, fialmi kan si caah mission rian kan ṭuan si loin, Khrih nih a thisen in a kan tlanh i a kan dawtnak ruang tu ah lungtho te le toidor tein mission rian kan ṭuan hi a si.
Mathai 28:16-20 chimmi hi kuttlaih ah hmang in mission rian a ṭuan mi hna nih Pathian nih a kan fial caah nawlngaihnak (obedience) he kan ṭuan awk a si tiah an ruah. Mission rian cu siangpahrang nawlpeknak in ṭuan mi he tahchun a si caah, ralkap nih ral an doh bantuk in Sehtan ral kan doh tiah mi tampi nih an ruah. Cu cu Edinburgh Civui ah rak hmuh cang mi “crusade” le “conquest” model kan ti mi an si. Hi ruahnak nih hin Pathian nih a kan dawtnak ruang ah mission kan ṭuan ti mi a thlau tawn. Siangpahrang sin in laksawng hmuh kha biapi ah an chiah caah, thlarau tlau tlaih le zumtu thar tampi hmuh khawh an i zuam. Thil ṭha zeimawzat cu an chuahpi ve ko nain, mission i a muru taktak kha an nganh tawn. Mi tampi nih khrihfabu hi mission a ngeitu ah kan ruah sual i, Pathian thinlung chung in mission aa thawknak kan thlau tawn. Cu tikah, thlahtu khrihfabu hi thlahmi mission palai hna le mission field khrihfabu hna cungah a herhlo tiang in nawlngeihnak hman sual a fawi. Cucu Nitlaklei khrihfabu tampi an rak tlaunak pakhat a si i, nihin mission a ṭuan cuahmah mi khrihfabu zong nih kan i ralrin cio awk a si tiah ka ruah.
Mission cu Pathian thinlung in aa thawkmi a si tiah kan ti tikah, Pa, Fapa, le Thiang Thlarau (Thum-komh Pathian) nih vawlei ah mission rian an ṭuan nak kha chim duh mi a si. Cu Thum-komh Pathian (Triune God) mit in kan cuanh ahcun, mission hi khrihfabu nih lam hlatnak, mission fields ah a ṭuan ti lawng in hmuh loin vawlei ah hin kan ningpi in Bawipa sunparnak langhter ding ah thlah kan si ti kan i fiang lai. Cu ti in kan hmuh khawh ahcun, khrihfabu hi Pathian pennak hmelchunhnak langhtertu ding ah a ningpi in vawlei ah thlah a sinak kha fiang chin in kan hmuh khawh lai. Cun, khrihfabu cu Pathian ai-awh in vawlei ah mission rian ṭuan tu si loin, Pathian mission chung tu ah aa telve nak kha fiang deuh in hmuh khawh a si lai.
3. Missio Dei: Pathian Thinlung Chung in aa Thawkmi Mission
Missio Dei ti cu a tawi fiannak in Pathian mission (the mission of God) tinak a si. Mission cu Pathian thinlung chung in aa thawkmi a si i, Pathian ta a si ti cu Bible nih a kan hmuhsak mi a si. Genesis 1 i Pathian nih van le vawlei a sernak tuanbia ah khin Pathian mission muisam hmuh khawh a si. Adam le Evi kha Pathian nawl ngai loin sualnak ah an tluk tikah, Pathian nih hnulei a chit hna lo; a hlawt zong a hlaw hna lo. Pathian nih cun Adam cu a vun auh i, “Khuazei ahdah na um?” tiah a ti (Gen. 3:9). Hi hi Pathian mission aa thawknak cu a si i, mission i a muru cu a si. Biakam hlun chung kan zoh tikah Pathian nih Abraham a auhnak te hna, Moses hmang in Israel miphun kha Ezip ram sal taannak chung in a luatter hna nak te hna, le prophets tampi hmang in a cawnpiak hna nak nih mission cu Pathian ta a sinak fiang ngai in a langhter. Cu vialte nak zong in, “Pathian nih vawlei hi a dawt hringhran caah a Fapa ngeihchunte kha a pek” (Jhn. 3:16) ti mi nih khin mission cu Pathian thinlung chung in aa thawknak le Pathian ta a sinak fiang khun in a langhter. A ngai ngai ti ahcun, kan Bible hi minung nih Pathian kan kawlnak kong si loin, Pathian nih minung a kan dawtnak le a kan kawlnak kong a si. Cu caah mission hi khrihfabu nih a ngeihmi si loin, Pathian thinlung in aa thawkmi—Pathian ta a si kan tinak cu a si. Edinburgh Civui lio ah Nitlaklei khrihfabu hna nih mission cu anmah ngeihmi le anmah nih thawkmi bantuk in an rak ruah. Cu caah vawlei khuazakip ah mission an rak ṭuan. Cu cu “church-centric” ruahnak tiah hngalh a si i, khrihfabu cu Pathian aiawh in vawlei ah mission rian ṭuan tu ah hmuh a si.21 Hi hoih in zoh tikah, mission cu khrihfabu nih Pathian nawlngaihnak (obedience) ca i “ram mui” ti mi hmun ah mi zeimawzat nih an ṭuan mi ah aa chuah.22 Mission cu khrihfabu nih a ngeihmi, Pathian aiawh in minung nih vawlei ah a ṭuan mi ti mi ruahnak cu Karl Barth nih hlangkaro in a rak doh. Mission cu kan minung hawi ca i zawnruahnak kan ngeih khi a si lo; Pathian nih amah hrimhrim kha Thiang Thlarau in vawlei ah a rung tum nak in aa thawk tiah a ti.23 Cu caah mission cu khrihfabu nih a rian dang tampi lakah rian pakhat bantuk in a ṭuan mi a si lo. Pathian nih Adam le Evi a rak kawl hna i Fapa Zisuh thawng in vawlei mi vialte a kan kawlnak ah khan mission cu aa thawkmi a si.24
A cunglei ah kan langhter bang in, Pathian cu mission a thawktu a si i khrihfabu cu Pathian mission ah aa telve mi a si. Hi nih hin “church-centric” in “mission-centered” ti mi khuaruahnak lei ah a kan kalpi. Hi khuaruahnak nih hin Pathian cu thlahtu zong a si i thlahmi zong a si tiah a hmuh (John. 17:18; 20:21-22). Phun dang cun, mission cu Pathian nih Fapa Zisuh Khrih kha kan ca i zungzal a kan timhpiak mi hmuhsaktu ah vawlei ah a run thlahnak tuanbia a si.25 Vicedom nih cun, mission cu Pathian sin bak in aa thawkmi a si i, khrihfabu hrim hrim hi cu Pathian sin cun aa thawkmi a si. Cu caah mission cu khrihfabu ta a si kan ti kho lo. Khrihfabu le mission an pahnih te hin an hramthawknak cu Pathian dawtnak ah hmuh khawh an si tiah a ti.26 Cu bantuk in, Bosch nih khrihfabu nih mission a ngeih ti si loin, Pa, Fapa, le Thiang Thlarau nih khrihfabu tu kha Pathian mission chungah an khumh ve mi a si tiah a ti.27 Cu caah mission cu khrihfabu nih Zisuh fialmi tlinternak le Pathian nawlzulhnak in kan ṭuan mi a si lo. Pathian mission chung tu ah khrihfabu kan i khumh ve khi a si.
Khrihfabu cu Pathian mission chungah khumh a si ve kan ti tikah a sullam cu, mi vialte caah ceunak langhtertu ding ah a dang tein thleidan i kawh-auhmi le vawlei ah thlahmi zumtu bu a si. Khrihfabu cu a kotho (nature) hrimhrim in missionary sinak a ngei. Cu caah, mission field ah kan thlahmi missionary cheukhat lawng si loin, khrihfabu kan ningpi hin missionary kan si. Cu tikah, khrihfabu cu mission rian ṭuan tu (mission agent) si loin, amah kotho hrim in missionary a sinak kha thuk deuh in ruah a hau.28 Cu a sullam cu, a cunglei ah kan langhter cang bantuk in, khrihfabu nih mission rian a ṭuan hi Zisuh Khrih nih a fial ruangah si loin, missionary a sinak ruang tu ah Pathian mission chungah aa khumh cu a si.
Bia Funnak
Nitlaklei khrihfabu tampi nih Asia, Africa, le Latin America ram ah mission rian an rak ṭuan tikah Edinburgh model an hman. Cu model cu Chin khrihfabu tampi zong nih kan i tlaih ve i, a phun phun in mission rian kan ṭuan. Edinburgh model nih fialmi kan sinak kha biapi ah a chiah caah mission cu Pathian nawlzulhnak in a ṭuan. Pathian cu zeizong vialte cungah nawlngeitu (sovereign God), siangpahrang bantuk in hmuh a si. Cu caah cu siangpahrang nih a kan fial bantuk in kan zulh awk a si i, mission rian tuan hi siangpahrang lungton le thluachuah hmuhnak a si tiah kan zumh. Pathian lungton le vancung khua i laksawng hmuh ding kha fak deuh in kan i ruahchih tikah, thlarau tlau a tam khawh chung in tlaih kha biapi ah kan chiah. Cu tikah zeitindah mission kan ṭuan timi ah biahalnak nganpi a chuak. Mi cheu cu thlarau tlau tlaih kha bawmhnak hmuhnak ca ah kan hman. Mirang nih the means justifies the end an ti bang khin, bawmhnak kan hmuh ding a si ahcun zei bantuk in mission kan ṭuan zong ah a poi lo timi lungput damlonak kan ngei. Hi bantuk lungput hi Edinburgh model nih a hrinmi a si i, Bible nih a kan cawnpiakmi he a ralkah mi a si.
Edinburgh model he aa ralkah mi cu Wellingen model a si. Wellingen model nih Pathian nih minung a kan dawtnak kha biapi ah a chiah caah mission cu Pathian lungtonnak le laksawng hmuhnak ca men ah si loin, lunglawmhnak le toidornak in a ṭuan. Pathian cu siangpahrang bantuk si loin, minung zawn ruattu le kan sining hrawmtu ah a hmuh. Cu caah Wellingen model nih cun thlarau tlau tlaih lawng si loin, thinlung, taksa, thlarau huap in mission rian a ṭuan. Mi tampi cu Khrih thawngṭha kha a zumlo mi hna sinah kan phuan tikah, an lung thlenter i Khrihfa ah canter kan i zuam tawn. A ngai ngai ti ahcun, minung lungthlennak cu minung rian si loin Pathian rian tu a si deuh. Cu caah Wellingen model nih aa hmaithlakmi cu mission rian kha lunglawmhnak le toidornak he zumhawktlak tein ṭuan i, lungthlennak le thlarau tlau tlaih cu Pathian kut ah chiah khi a si. Mission rian kan ṭuan tikah caan tampi cu Pathian rian a si mi minung lungthlenter kha kan i zuam ruangah, zumlotu le biaknak dang hmai ah Bawipa muihmai chiattertu ah kan cang tawn. Cu caah Pathian lungton duh le vancung khua i sui luchin hmuh duh ah si loin, Pathian nih a Fapa ngeihchun pek tiang in kan caah khamhnak lam a kan serpiaknak, kan zawn a kan ruahnak le a kan dawtnak ruangah lunglawmhnak le toidornak he mission kan ṭuan awk a si deuh.
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Endnotes:
1 David A Kerr and Kenneth R. Ross, eds., Edinburgh 2010: Mission Then and Now (Oxford, UK: Regnum Books, 2009), 6.
2 World Missionary Conference, Report of Commission I: Carrying the Gospel to all the Non-Christian World (New York: Fleming H. Revell, 1910).
3 Ibid.
4 David J. Bosch, Transforming Mission: Paradigm Shifts in Theology of Mission (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1991), 161.
5 Ibid.
6 David Bosch, Witness to the World: The Christian in Theological Perspective (Atlanta, GA: John Knox Press, 1980), 101,125.
7 Bosch, Transforming Mission, 379, 451.
8 Ibid., 511.
9 Bosch, Witness to the World, 178-181.
10 Ibid., 179.
11 Ibid., 180-181. See also Bosch, Transforming Mission, 370, 379.
12 John R. Stott, “The Great Commission,” in One Race, One Gospel, One Task, ed. C. F. H. Henry and W. S. Mooneyham, vol. (Minneapolis, MN: World Wide Publications, 1967), 37.
13 Wilbert R. Shenk, Changing Frontiers of Mission (New York: Orbis Books, 1999), 132.
14 David Bosch, “The Structure of Mission: An Exposition of Matthew 28:16-20,” in Exploring Church Growth, ed. Wilbert Shenk, 218-248 (Grand Rapids, MI: W.B. Eerdmans, 1983), 219. See also David Bosch, “Reflections on Biblical Models of Mission,” in Landmark Essays in Mission and World Christianity, ed. Robert L. Gallagher and Paul Hertig (New York: Orbis Books, 2009), 4.
15 Ibid., 220.
16 Ibid.
17 Michael Goheen, A Light to the Nations: The Missional Church and the Biblical Story (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2011), 114.
18 Ibid.
19 Ibid., 15, 16.
20 Leslie Newbigin, Mission in Christ Way: Bible Studies (Geneva: World Council of Churches, 1987), 22-23.
21Craig Van Gelder and Dwight Zscheile, The Missional Church in Perspective: Mapping Trends and Shaping the Conversation (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2011), 24.
22 Craig Van Gelder, The Essence of the Church: A Community Created by the Spirit (Grand Rapids, MI: W.B. Eerdmans, 2000), 63.
23 Norman E. Thomas, ed., Classic Texts in Mission and World Christianity (Marryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1995), 104-5.
24 Darrell Guder, ed., Mission Church: A Vision for the Sending of the Church in North America (Grand Rapids, MI: W.B. Eerdmans, 1998), 4, 77ff. See also Bosch, Transforming Mission, 390.
25 Georg Vicedom, The Mission of God: An Introduction to a Theology of Mission. Translated by Gilbert A. Thiele and Dennis Hilgendorf (St. Louis, MO: Concordia Publication, 1965), 82.
26 Ibid., 5-6.
27 Bosch, Transforming Mission, 390-92.
28 Van Gelder, The Essence of the Church, 31.
